What is blood sugar?

Blood sugar, also known as blood glucose, refers to the amount of sugar (glucose) that is present in the bloodstream. Glucose is the primary source of energy for the body's cells, and it comes from the foods that we eat.

After we consume carbohydrates, the body breaks them down into glucose, which is then transported in the bloodstream to the cells that need it for energy. The hormone insulin, produced by the pancreas, helps to regulate the amount of glucose in the bloodstream by allowing cells to take in glucose and use it for energy or storing it for later use.

Having too much or too little glucose in the bloodstream can be problematic for the body, which is why the body closely regulates blood sugar levels. High blood sugar (hyperglycemia) can occur in people with diabetes or other health conditions, and it can cause damage to various organs over time. Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) can also be dangerous and can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, confusion, and loss of consciousness.

What impacts blood sugar levels?

Several factors can impact blood sugar levels, including:

1. Diet: The foods we eat and drink have a significant impact on blood sugar levels. Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which can cause blood sugar levels to rise. Foods high in refined sugars, such as candy and sugary drinks, can cause blood sugar levels to spike quickly. Eating a diet high in fiber, protein, and healthy fats can help regulate blood sugar levels.
2. Physical activity: Exercise can help lower blood sugar levels by increasing the uptake of glucose by cells for energy. It can also increase insulin sensitivity, making it easier for cells to use glucose.
3. Medications: Certain medications, such as insulin and oral diabetes medications, can directly impact blood sugar levels by increasing or decreasing the amount of glucose in the bloodstream.
4. Stress: When we're under stress, our bodies release hormones that can cause blood sugar levels to rise.
5. Illness: Certain illnesses or infections can cause blood sugar levels to rise. This is because the body produces hormones in response to infection, which can increase blood sugar levels.
6. Hormones: Hormonal changes, such as those that occur during menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause, can impact blood sugar levels.
7. Genetics: Family history and genetics can also play a role in blood sugar regulation. People with a family history of diabetes or insulin resistance may be more susceptible to blood sugar imbalances.

How can a dietitian help with blood sugar levels?

A dietitian can play a crucial role in helping manage blood sugar levels. Here are some ways a dietitian can help:

1. Provide individualized nutrition recommendations: A dietitian can assess an individual's current diet and provide personalized recommendations for managing blood sugar levels. This may include specific foods to eat or avoid, meal planning, and strategies for maintaining a healthy weight.
2. Educate on carbohydrate counting: Carbohydrate counting is an important tool for managing blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. A dietitian can teach individuals how to count carbohydrates, understand how different types of carbohydrates impact blood sugar levels, and adjust their carbohydrate intake based on their goals.
3. Offer practical tips for healthy eating: Eating a healthy, balanced diet is important for managing blood sugar levels. A dietitian can offer practical tips for making healthy food choices, such as choosing whole grains, lean protein sources, and healthy fats.
4. Address other health concerns: Dietitians can help manage other health concerns that may impact blood sugar levels, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or kidney disease. They can provide guidance on how to make dietary changes to improve overall health and manage these conditions.
5. Provide ongoing support: Managing blood sugar levels can be challenging, and it's important to have ongoing support. A dietitian can provide ongoing support, answer questions, and make adjustments to the nutrition plan as needed.